In addition, the fact that there are few studies reporting the differentiation between hookworm species in dogs in Europe, but no study conducted so far in Italy, demands future research to estimate and evaluate the zoonotic aspects of hookworm infections. Hence, considering the above information and the impact of hookworm infections on veterinary and public health, it should be imperative to continuously monitor the prevalence of hookworms in dogs in Europe and Italy. Moreover, the data also revealed mixed infections with other hookworm species such as Ancylostoma ceylanicum or Ancylostoma braziliense. caninum was reported with higher frequency than U. On the other hand, in Africa, Asia and Brasil, the occurrence of A. stenocephala infection seems to be more prevalent than A. For example, in Central Europe, according to a recent study, U. However, there are few studies to support the identification of hookworm species in dogs around the world. In particular, in Italy, hookworm infections have been reported in many studies, with high prevalence rates in stray (67.7%) and owned dogs (18.9%) in the southern area, followed by prevalence rates between 0–9.3% in stray dogs and 0.4–3.6% in owned dogs in the northern area. In Europe, prevalence rates of hookworm infections in dogs range from 1.2% to 34%. Hookworms are common parasites in dogs and wild carnivores throughout the world, with prevalence values varying by climatic regions and dog population. In addition, hookworms are known to cause anaemia and hypoproteinemia in dogs, especially in puppies. Infection occurs mainly by percutaneous penetration of 元 or their ingestion per os. The main source of infection in dogs is the soil contaminated with eggs excreted in dog faeces, where larvae hatch and develop to the infective stage 元 at suitable temperatures and humidity rates. Moreover, the possibility of causing eosinophilic enteritis in human hosts which determines diarrhea, abdominal pain and weight loss has also been described. Both pathogens might cause larva migrans syndrome or “ground itch” in humans. caninum.Īmong the intestinal parasites that infect dogs, the hookworms Ancylostoma caninum and Uncinaria stenocephala play an important role in the health and welfare of canine populations worldwide, as well as in public health, due to their zoonotic potential. Moreover, the results of the study revealed the first identification of hookworm species in dogs in Italy by molecular studies, highlighting that U. ![]() The findings of this study showed a high prevalence of hookworm infections in dogs in southern Italy, updating the epidemiological scenario of the last decade. ![]() Sequencing revealed 15 samples positive to U. The results of molecular analyses showed that positivity was confirmed only in 21/72 samples, specifically, 6 samples using protocol A and 19 with protocol B. Logistic regression showed a significant association between positivity to hookworms and the variable “puppies” both in stray (13.84% OR = 2.4) and owned (7.07% OR = 2.2) dogs. The results of the ten-year retrospective analysis (2011–2021) showed an overall prevalence of hookworm infection of 9.16%, specifically 5.1% in owned dogs and 14.2% in stray dogs. Prior to molecular analyses, a subsample of 40/72 positive faecal samples was used for morphometric investigations on hookworm eggs. Moreover, 72 faecal samples, from dogs naturally infected by hookworms, were used to discriminate between A. For this purpose, a retrospective analysis was performed over 10 years (2011–2021), including a total of 7008 owned dogs and 5642 stray dogs referred to our laboratory for copromicroscopic examinations. ![]() stenocephala) through molecular analyses. The present study aimed to update the epidemiological scenario of hookworm infections in both owned and stray dogs in southern Italy and to discriminate between different hookworm species ( A. ![]() Given the veterinary and public health importance of hookworms in dogs and the recent changes in the molecular epidemiology of some species, there is a need to continuously monitor the epidemiological and molecular prevalence of these parasites also at the “local” level. The zoonotic hookworms Ancylostoma caninum and Uncinaria stenocephala are widespread soil-transmitted helminths in dogs in Europe.
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